Given what you learned by driving it, you could go pretty low buck with what you have there.
Post #9 reads like you have already done what is listed there. Have you done that already AND have 300 to spend or do you still need to do the short block assembly?
Post #11 has the only curiosity I have by the photos. In the photo of the short block, look at the punch marks on the pistons. They appear to be in a 5,7,1,3 order instead of the 1,3,5,7 order expected. If it ran well and the bearings looked good, I would just go by the markings you made upon disassembly. Ignore the punch marks and put it back together the way you marked it.
Dished pistons and open chamber heads would have me thinking Summit K1101 cam and lifter kit. It looks like the factory used a steel shim head gasket there for good reason. I don't think I would do that now though after who knows how many duty cycles did who knows what to how flat the surfaces are now.
The heads you pulled off the engine are probably "good enough" to use as is from what you described about driving it. If you kept everything in order you could pull the valves, get rid of the crud, hand lap the valves, clean it up and put it together. At the risk of sparking debate or being called a hack...with the K1101 cam I wouldn't be afraid to reuse the springs/retainers/locks after installing the new valve seals from the gasket kit. The same cam be said for pushrods and rockers. Ideally they were kept in order and they do wear mate themselves. For what you're doing I wouldn't be afraid to mix and match if they are out of order.
Oil pump would be a good idea. Melling M-55 or M-55A (my choice). A high volume pump has no place in this application.
Timing chain set would be on the list.
For now I would use the intake for which you had a working carburetor. A working Quadrajet and manifold would be ideal. Whatever combination you use connect the TH350 detent "kickdown" cable to it and take the time to set it up correctly.
Fluid and filter for the TH350 is a given. Now would be the easiest time to install a blue box Transgo shift kit, if budget allows. It really does help the transmission and it adds to the fun factor even with a stock engine in front of it. This can be an upgrade at any time. The shift shaft bracket on that TH350 may or may not work with your truck linkage and is easy to swap out.
Just some thoughts on how I might go about a build like this. Most of the folks here know a lot more than I do and may chime in if there are any bad ideas in any of this. If you end up with different heads (more compression) the cam and valvetrain stuff would be different.